human β endorphin  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: G z ESTY as an optimized cell-based assay for initial steps in GPCR deorphanization

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59850-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Concentration-response curves obtained for MOR stimulated with DAMGO, morphine, or β-endorphin. Data are shown as means ± SEM; N = 3 independent transfections. B Concentration-response curves of endogenously expressed PAR1 activated with a selective agonist peptide TFLLR (left) or PAR2 activated with selective agonist peptide SLIGKV (right) in cells transfected only with the 3-in-one plasmid. Control cells were transfected with a 2-in-one plasmid not expressing GsGz chimera. Data are shown as means ± SEM; N = 3 independent transfections. C Results obtained applying G z ESTY to screen the small library of orphan ligands, 84 compounds with putative or potential biological activity, whose cellular targets are currently unknown (Enzo Life Sciences SCREEN-WELL orphan ligand library). In blue are positive control agonists for each receptor; in red is a common hit likely activating an endogenously expressed GPCR (dihydroxynorephedrine). Data are shown as means ± SEM; N = 3 independent transfections. D Concentration-response curves obtained using G protein nanoBRET assay to validate positive hits activating D2R with compound E04 (salsolinol-1-carboxylic acid) or dopamine. Data are shown as means ± SEM; N = 3 independent transfections. E Concentration-responses for ADRA2A activated in response to the application of compounds G01 (tryptamine), G08 (3-hydroxyphenethylamine), H09 (octopamine), or norepinephrine (NE). Data are shown as means ± SEM; N = 3 independent transfections.

Article Snippet: The following chemicals were purchased: clonidine (Tocris), dopamine (Tocris), GABA (Tocris), serotonin (Tocris), 1-oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid (Tocris), DAMGO (MedChemExpress), TFLLR (MedChemExpress), human PAR-2 (1-6, SLIGKV) (MedChemExpress), human galanin (1–30) (MedChemExpress), IBMX (MedChemExpress), SEW2871 (MedChemExpress), somatostatin-14 (Cpc Scientific), human neuropeptide Y (13-36) (Cpc Scientific), neuropeptide FF (Thermo Scientific Chemicals), MK-6892 (MedChemExpress), 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (Cayman Chemicals), N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (R&D systems), SNC80 (Adipogen), isobutyric acid (TCI chemicals), salvinorin A (ChromaDex Inc.), morphine (Mallinckrodt Chemical Company), human β-endorphin (Sigma-Aldrich), teriparatide (MedChemExpress), NDP-α-MSH (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals), AB-MECA (MedChemExpress), quinpirole (Tocris), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (AnaSpec), AM-251 (Tocris; #1117), carbachol (Tocris; #2810), L-741626 (Tocris; #1003), RS-79948 (Tocris; #0987), saclofen (MCE; #HY-100813), and naloxone (Tocris; #0599).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Expressing, Activity Assay, Positive Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Endocannabinoid System’s Contribution to Placebo Analgesia

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707676

Figure Lengend Snippet: To investigate the contribution of eCB and β-endorphin, and their interaction to placebo analgesia, we used a validated placebo paradigm. (A) First, to determine individual stimulus intensities and stimulation sites, we applied an adaptive staircase calibration procedure for thermal heat pain. At the beginning of the placebo paradigm, participants were informed that they would be receiving two creams during the procedure: a highly potent experimental analgesic cream, and a control cream. In reality, both creams provided were Vaseline (petroleum jelly, Vaseline Healing Jelly Original, Unilever). Red lines and drops indicate blood sampling. Next, participants underwent three blocks of testing (B): a manipulation block followed by two test blocks (conditions: placebo, control), counterbalanced across participants. Blood was drawn before and after each block. In the manipulation block, participants received individually calibrated heat stimuli to elicit a rating of 8/10 to control cream sites, and 4/10 to placebo cream sites. This manipulation served to condition participants and bolster expectations. For the next two blocks, participants received heat stimuli calibrated to elicit a 6/10, either on the control cream sites, or on the ‘analgesic’ cream sites, depending on the block (placebo, control). (C) Each block of stimulation consisted of twelve trials. At the end of each trial, participants provided a pain intensity rating. Panel B was made using Biorender.

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of β-endorphin were analysed by competitive enzyme immunoassay using a human β-endorphin ELISA Kit (HUFI00498, Assay Genie, Dublin, Ireland), as per manufacturer instructions.

Techniques: Cream, Control, Sampling, Blocking Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The Endocannabinoid System’s Contribution to Placebo Analgesia

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707676

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Ratings plotted at low circulating β-endorphin levels (-1 SD). Participants with higher FAAH analyte values (+1 SD) reported increased placebo analgesia, reflected in lower pain ratings in the placebo condition relative to control. ( B) Ratings plotted at mean circulating β-endorphin levels. Higher FAAH analyte values (+1 SD) were associated with reduced pain ratings under placebo compared to control. (C) Ratings plotted at high circulating β-endorphin levels (+1 SD). Minimal relationship between FAAH analyte values and placebo analgesia. Error bars represent ±1 SE.

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of β-endorphin were analysed by competitive enzyme immunoassay using a human β-endorphin ELISA Kit (HUFI00498, Assay Genie, Dublin, Ireland), as per manufacturer instructions.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Metapanax delavayi extract as a neurocutaneous modulator via CRHR1/POMC/MC1R signaling

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-39343-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: MDE attenuated capsaicin-induced elevations in emotion-associated gene expression and hormonal levels. ( A - B ) Relative mRNA expression of cortisol-related genes ( 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 ) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MDE ( N = 4). ( C - D ) Cortisol and β-endorphin contents in the cell culture medium of each group ( N = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. p value using the one-way ANOVA. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01 versus control; # p ≤ 0.05, ## p ≤ 0.01 versus capsaicin-induced.

Article Snippet: The expression of cortisol (Catalogue Numbers: CEA806Mu) (Cloud-Clone Corp, China), β-endorphin (Catalogue Numbers: CSB-E06821h), IL-6 (Catalogue Numbers: CSB-E04638h), IL-8 (Catalogue Numbers: CSB-E04641h), and IL-1α (Catalogue Numbers: CSB-E04620h) (all from Cusabio, China) were also quantified using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Cell Culture, Control